Cricket Wireless Broadband

1. From the DSL Linux box, ssh to :Host:CpsSony.
2. Log in.
3. At the Bash prompt, type ipconfig /all (note: this is a WinXP host)

PPP adapter Cricket Wireless:

        Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 
        Description . . . . . . . . . . . : WAN (PPP/SLIP) Interface
        Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-53-45-00-00-00
        Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
        IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.106.10.32
        Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255
        Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.106.10.32
        DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.28.221.53
                                            172.28.221.54
        NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled

Host Environment for Pen Drive Development

Initial State / Pre-Conditions:  The Pen Drive is plugged in to the USB port of a host system - a discless workstation - running Damn Small Linux (DSL). Neither of the Pen Drive partitions are mounted.

1. from the KNOPPIX Bash prompt, open a root shell

   dsl@box:~$ sudo su
   

2. Dump the file system table (fstab) to the console

   [/home/dsl]# cat /etc/fstab
   /proc      /proc       proc   defaults            0 0
   /sys       /sys        sysfs  noauto              0 0
   /dev/pts   /dev/pts    devpts mode=0622           0 0
   /dev/fd0   /mnt/auto/floppy auto   user,noauto,exec,umask=000    0 0
   /dev/cdrom /mnt/auto/cdrom  auto   user,noauto,exec,ro 0 0
   /dev/cdrom1 /mnt/auto/cdrom1  auto   users,noauto,exec,ro 0 0
   # Added by KNOPPIX
   /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1 vfat noauto,users,exec,umask=000,uid=1001,gid=50 0 0
   # Added by KNOPPIX
   /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2 ext2 noauto,users,exec 0 0
   

3. Dump the list of currently mounted file systems

   [/home/dsl]# mount
   /dev/root on / type ext2 (rw)
   /dev/scd1 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro)
   /dev/cloop on /KNOPPIX type iso9660 (ro)
   /ramdisk on /ramdisk type tmpfs (rw,size=147296k,size=145084k)
   /proc/bus/usb on /proc/bus/usb type usbdevfs (rw,devmode=0666)
   unionfs on /KNOPPIX/bin type unionfs (rw,dirs=/ramdisk/bin=rw:/bin=ro)
   unionfs on /dev type unionfs (rw,dirs=/ramdisk/dev=rw:/dev=ro)
   

Using the host system described by the system parameters shown above, perform the following steps:

1. mount the /dev/sdx1 & /dev/sdx2 partitions

       # mount /dev/sda1
       # mount /dev/sda2
   

   This mounts the pendrive partions on /mnt/sda1 & /mnt/sda2, respectively.

   Note that – following this operation – /mnt/sda1 is the DOS FAT16 format (750M) partition, and /mnt/sda2 is the Linux ext3 formatted partition (3.25G).

2. copy the /KNOPPIX & /boot/isolinux/* directory trees from the CD ISO image to the pendrive DOS partition (/dev/sdx1).

       # cp -rf KNOPPIX boot/isolinux/* /mnt/sda1
   

3. rename the isolinux.cfg file in on the sdx1 to be syslinux.cfg

       # cd /mnt/sda1
       # mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg
   

4. unmount the DOS FAT 16 partition (/dev/sdx1).

       # cd
       # umount /dev/sda1
   

5. Install the SYSLINUX DOS filesystem bootloader to the FAT16 pendrive partition

       #syslinux -sf /dev/sdx1
   

Pen Drive KNOPPIX Roll-back

SanDisk Cruzer USB pendrive
 Partition 1:  750M FAT16
 Partition 2:  3.25G ext3

 Host Computer: dslbox DSL

Ref1: 
 Instructions for persistent USB pendrive KNOPPIX 5.1.1 install
 <http://www.pendrivelinux.com/installing-usb-knoppix-51-using-linux/#>

The pendrive is already formatted according to the procedure given in
 Ref1 [NOTE: the KNOPPIX currently installed on 
the pendrive partition one is KNOPPIX v6.0.1]

The KNOPPIX 5.1.1 CD ISO image is stored on the pendrive's partition 2 
(the linux partition) as an ISO (*.iso) file.

In order to copy the files from the ISO image stored on partition 2 to the
 file system on partition 1 of the USB pendrive, we will mount the ISO image
 using the loopback device.

Once we have mounted both the pendrive partitions under the DSL host filesystem, 
we can pick up the procedure in Ref1 at step 15
(NOTE: substitute device and directory names as follows:

 /dev/sdx1 - pendrive partition 1
 /dev/sdx2 - pendrive partition 2

 /tmp/usb   - mount point for /dev/sdx1
 /tmp/sdx2  - mount point for /dev/sdx2

 /tmp/sdx2/knoppix-v5.1.1-cd.iso - CD ISO file
 /tmp/cdrom - mount point for CD ISO file

The command to mount the CD ISO file as a file system is

 mount file.iso /cdrom -t iso9660 -o loop

(from <http://thomer.com/howtos/mount_loopback.html>)

... so in this case the command will be ...

  mount /tmp/sdx2/knoppix-v5.1.1-cd.iso /tmp/cdrom -t iso9660 -o loop

This will cause the file system stored in the ISO file to be mounted at
/tmp/cdrom in such a way that the files and directories look like a standard
linux file system from the Bash prompt under DSL. 


Copy the KNOPPIX 5.1.1 system from the ISO image to partition 1 of the 
USB pendrive as per the instructions in Ref1.

# Type cd /tmp/cdrom
# Type cp -rf KNOPPIX boot/isolinux/* /tmp/usb
# Type cd /tmp/usb
# Type mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg
# Type cd
# Type umount /tmp/usb
# Type syslinux -sf /dev/sdx1

# Reboot your computer and set your system BIOS or Boot Menu to boot
 from the USB device. Save your changes and restart your PC, booting
 from the USB device.

KNOPPIX V5.1.1 CD 2007-01-04 EN to USB

So we have found out that the KNOPPIX 6.0.1 release is a BETA release, and hence does not have some features we want - specifically, it's not set up for persistence; there seems to be no way to get it to save the state and the user directories to persistent storage.

Furthermore, we have decided to install the older, released version, KNOPPIX v5.1.1, and have downloaded the KNOPPIX v5.1.1 ISO to the 2nd partition of the 4G USB stick which we installed v6.0.1.

Since the KNOPPIX v6.0.1 was missing some critical tools - telnet, K3B, etc - we have rebooted the HP machine called 'box' under Damn Small Linux (DSL) to perform this procedure.

The procedure is:

1. mount USB pendrive partition 1 (the VFAT partition with the CD ISO image for v6.0.1) into the DSL file system.
2. mount USB pendrive partition 2 (the ext3 partition with the copy of KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso) into the host (DSL) file system
3. copy the KNOPPIX v5.1.1 ISO file system from USB pendrive partition 2 to USB pendrive partition 1
4. perform the install tweaks given in USB KNOPPIX 5.1.1 persistent install from Linux | USB Pen Drive Linux on USB pendrive partition 1.

This should make the pen drive boot KNOPPIX 5.1.1 with persistence.

Note that both partitions on the existing USB pen drive are formatted as described in the installation document referenced above. That is, partition 1 is a 750M FAT16 partition for the CD image, and partition 2 is the remainder of the pen drive space (~3G in ths case) dedicated as an ext3 (Linux) file system.

Once the pen drive is bootable and persistent with KNOPPIX 5.1.1, it will be desirable to make partition 2 on the USB pen drive auto mount as the /home directory tree of the new system.

Label Tagging Problem / Blogger

I see that these tags (or "labels" as blogger fancies them) are causing my blog to update extremely slowly as the blogger engine writes (updates) hundreds of files - one for each label - on the web server - so I'm going to start leaving them off, or using them more sparingly - leaving them off to begin with, since blogger seems to want to update them all if there is even one tag [label] attached to a posting...

Zim Desktop Wiki on WinXP (pt 2)

…

So. Picking up in the instructions, under "Other dependencies" with

• Download the Module-Build Perl Package from SourceForge: Download Module-Build (sourceforge.net)
• Download the File-DesktopEntry module from Jaap Karssenberg's page at http://search.cpan.org/~pardus/File-DesktopEntry-0.04/
• The File-MimeInfo module is also available from Jaap Karssenberg's CPAN page &ndash: download it from http://search.cpan.org/~PARDUS/File-MimeInfo/

Note that we're downloading all these into the same directory we used for all the other stuff downloaded earlier (see pt 1).

I find that the ppm install Module-Build command operates on the tarball in the directory where the command is issued. On the next one, we'll try installing it through the ActiveState Perl Module Installer widget.

Ooops. Got this:

item "nearest 154 36" doesn't exist at C:/Perl/lib/ActivePerl/PPM/GUI.pm line 208.

item "nearest 154 36" doesn't exist
    while executing
".p.p.tree selection add {nearest 154 36}"
    ("uplevel" body line 1)
    invoked from within
"uplevel 1 $command $args"
    invoked from within
".p.p selection add {nearest 154 36}"
    invoked from within
"::perl::CODE(0x27d7688) 154 36 267 266"
    (command bound to event)

while the package list in the graphical widget was refreshing. Going back to the command shell... which doesn't work on the second module, either. Maybe this is not a bug in the graphical widget, but a data file problem which caused it to crash...

Directory of C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl

09/21/09  10:05    <DIR>          .
09/21/09  10:05    <DIR>          ..
09/18/09  10:14        16,030,800 ActivePerl-5.8.8.819-MSWin32-x86-267479.msi
09/18/09  10:15           171,959 Cairo-1.021.zip
09/18/09  11:30             7,678 ExtUtils-Depends-0.205.tar.gz
09/18/09  10:14             8,155 ExtUtils-Depends-0.205.zip
09/18/09  11:30               351 ExtUtils-Depends.ppd
09/18/09  11:30             4,746 ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07.tar.gz
09/18/09  10:15             5,232 ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07.zip
09/18/09  11:30               355 ExtUtils-PkgConfig.ppd
09/21/09  10:00            13,784 File-DesktopEntry-0.04.tar.gz
09/21/09  10:05            29,269 File-MimeInfo-0.15.tar.gz
09/18/09  10:14         1,613,333 glade-2.12.1.zip
09/18/09  10:14           518,907 glade-3-0-2-win32-1.zip
09/18/09  10:15           306,240 Glib-1.142.zip
09/18/09  10:13         5,597,907 gtk-2.8.20-win32-1.exe
09/18/09  10:41           192,692 gtk-demo.zip
09/18/09  10:15         1,676,227 Gtk2-1.141.zip
09/18/09  10:15            53,946 Gtk2-GladeXML-1.006.zip
09/21/09  09:53           196,525 Module-Build-0.2808.tar.gz
09/18/09  10:41           181,280 msvcr71.zip
              19 File(s)     26,609,386 bytes
               2 Dir(s)  47,385,841,664 bytes free

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm install File
-DesktopEntry-0.04
ppm install failed: Can't find any package that provide File-DesktopEntry-0.04

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm install File
-DesktopEntry-0.04.tar.gz
ppm install failed: Can't find any package that provide File-DesktopEntry-0.04.t
ar.gz

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>

Zim Desktop Wiki on WinXP (pt1)

##NOTE:  The more recent versions of Zim are in Python; the Perl-source for Zim is deprecated and is no longer supported.

Note that this entry seems to be more about installing and configuring ActiveState Perl and Gtk2 on Windows than about Zim, but there is a method to this madness. Zim depends upon Perl and Gtk2, so any system that's going to run it has to have these. There will be additional information added to and/or around this post in the future...

I've been using the Zim Desktop Wiki editor for some time now (not sure how long, really, since the original installs were on systems that no longer function) as sort of daily work-log, planning, and note-taking tool for several months now on an HP laptop running SuSE 11.1+ with one of KDE3, KDE4, Gnome, WindowMaker, FVWM, and probably some other desktop environments.

Starting with the first install of Zim, I realized that I was going to have to take measures to ensure that this tool would be available to me in the future. I first saw it running on a frankensteinesque box that had started out with no hard disc, running DSL from an optical disc, and by the time Zim popped up on the desktop, was running a system that included components of DSL, KNOPPIX, Debian, and several kernels of both the 2.4.x and 2.6.x varieties. There was no MS Windows partition, and it was not virtualized.

Soon after that I tried to install Zim on an OpenSUSE 11.0 system. That didn't go well, and I didn't have time to sort it all out. I did get it to work, but could not get a global install working reliably - something to do w/ perl module version numbers, or something.

More recently I followed a set of instructions for some package(s) found on the Internet [and grafted into the earlier dysfunctional OpenSuSE install] and got Zim working on the OpenSuSE 11.1 so smoothly that I forgot to write down how I did it - or have forgotten if I wrote it down or not.

So now I'm looking for a way to share the same ‘Zimspace’ between a WinXP Sony Vaio laptop and the HP running OpenSuSE.

Now, of course there are dozens of ways to do that - I can connect to the HP from the Vaio [running Cygwin/X] and pop Zim up on the XP desktop over the office LAN, of course, but that still tethers me to the HP - and not just for the data, but for the executable binary and the processor time slices, as well.

So, to make a long story short:

In an attempt to install Zim Desktop Wiki on the WinXP Vaio Laptop (WVL), I followed the instructions on the page at http://zim-wiki.org/Install/Windows.html

All went as expected up to the point where it said to run the command ppm install Gtk2

The command failed on

Downloading Gtk2-1.141...done
Downloading Glib-1.142...done
Downloading ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07...done
Downloading Cairo-1.021...done
Downloading ExtUtils-Depends-0.302...not found
ppm install failed: 404 Not Found

In order to fix this, I had to Download the ExtUtils-Depends package separately, and install it using the command shown in the instructions at http://www.lostmind.de/gtk2-perl/, thus:

PRECONDITION:  Having performed the above listed procedure down to the point of ppm install Gtk2, perform the following steps:

1. Download ExtUtils-Depends-0.205
2. Unzip ExtUtils-Depends-0.205.zip – The unzip no longer works at the windows command line, use the 'Extract' functionality from the Windows Explorer Context Menu. Hit "Cancel" or whatever if it starts asking you about a ExtUtils-Depends-0.205.tar.gz file. Whatever it is (probably source code) it has not proven to be necessary to complete the install process - or maybe it's necessary that it just be there alongside the .ppd file. In any case...
3. At the command prompt. om the directory where the .ppd file resides, issue the command ppm install ExtUtils-Depends.ppd

Once the ExtUtils-Depends is installed, you can restart the original install at ppm install Gtk2 to complete the process.

Here is a [partial] screen dump log showing the steps EXCEPT for unpacking the archive that ExtUtils-Depends.ppd came in.

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm repo add http://www.lostmind.de/gtk2-perl/ppm/
Downloading www.lostmind.de packlist...not found
Downloading www.lostmind.de packlist...done
Updating www.lostmind.de database...done
Repo 3 added.

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm install Gtk2

Downloading Gtk2-1.141...done
Downloading Glib-1.142...done
Downloading ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07...done
Downloading Cairo-1.021...done
Downloading ExtUtils-Depends-0.302...not found
ppm install failed: 404 Not Found

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>
C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm install ExtUtils-Depends.ppd
Unpacking ExtUtils-Depends-0.205...done
Generating HTML for ExtUtils-Depends-0.205...done
Installing to site area...done
   2 files installed

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>ppm install Gtk2

Downloading Gtk2-1.141...done
Downloading Glib-1.142...done
Downloading ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07...done
Downloading Cairo-1.021...done
Unpacking Gtk2-1.141...done
Unpacking Glib-1.142...done
Unpacking ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07...done
Unpacking Cairo-1.021...done
Generating HTML for Gtk2-1.141...done
Generating HTML for Glib-1.142...done
Generating HTML for ExtUtils-PkgConfig-1.07...done
Generating HTML for Cairo-1.021...done
Installing to site area...done
  72 files installed

C:\Documents and Settings\Sony\My Documents\Downloads\gtk2-perl>extract

[end of pt 1 - see pt 2]

Posting from KNOPPIX v6.0.1 on USB

The method shown in the previous post worked – now posting from system running from USB stick.

This is a hybrid USB file system – partition one is 750M FAT16, partition two is the rest of the 4G USB stick, formatted as ext2, I believe.

Here are some vital stats copied from a console:

knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo su
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:6e:6c:d0:dc  
          inet addr:192.168.0.185  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:6eff:fe6c:d0dc/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1512 (1.4 KiB)  TX bytes:1536 (1.5 KiB)
          Interrupt:22 Base address:0x6000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# host host.earthside.org
host.earthside.org has address 67.43.9.226
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             716M  645M   71M  91% /mnt-system
tmpfs                 1.0G  2.8M 1022M   1% /ramdisk
/dev/cloop            1.7G  1.7G     0 100% /KNOPPIX
unionfs               1.0G  2.8M 1022M   1% /UNIONFS
unionfs               1.0G  2.8M 1022M   1% /home
tmpfs                  10M   60K   10M   1% /UNIONFS/var/run
tmpfs                  10M     0   10M   0% /UNIONFS/var/lock
tmpfs                 100M   48K  100M   1% /UNIONFS/var/log
tmpfs                 1.0G   12K  1.0G   1% /tmp
udev                   20M   56K   20M   1% /dev
tmpfs                 1.0G  4.0K  1.0G   1% /dev/shm
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cat /etc/fstab 
# DEFAULT BASE FSTAB, UNCONFIGURED
proc       /proc         proc       noauto             0 0
sysfs      /sys          sysfs      noauto             0 0
# Added by KNOPPIX
/dev/sda1 /media/sda1 vfat noauto,users,exec,umask=000,shortname=winnt,uid=knoppix,gid=knoppix 0 0
# Added by KNOPPIX
/dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ext2 noauto,users,exec 0 0
# Added by KNOPPIX
/dev/sr0 /media/sr0 auto ro,noauto,users,exec 0 0
# Added by KNOPPIX
/dev/hdd /media/hdd auto ro,noauto,users,exec 0 0
# Added by KNOPPIX
/dev/hdc /media/hdc auto ro,noauto,users,exec 0 0
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix#  cat /etc/mtab
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw 0 0
/dev/sda1 /mnt-system vfat rw,noatime,fmask=0000,dmask=0000,allow_utime=0022,codepage=cp850,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=winnt 0 0
tmpfs /ramdisk tmpfs rw,size=1048576k 0 0
/dev/cloop /KNOPPIX iso9660 ro 0 0
unionfs /UNIONFS aufs rw,noatime,si=e57182f3,xino=/ramdisk/.aufs.xino,noplink,br:/ramdisk=rw:/KNOPPIX=ro 0 0
unionfs /home aufs rw,noatime,si=e57182f3,xino=/ramdisk/.aufs.xino,noplink,br:/ramdisk=rw:/KNOPPIX=ro 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw 0 0
tmpfs /UNIONFS/var/run tmpfs rw,size=10240k 0 0
tmpfs /UNIONFS/var/lock tmpfs rw,size=10240k 0 0
tmpfs /UNIONFS/var/log tmpfs rw,size=102400k 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,size=1048576k 0 0
udev /dev tmpfs rw,size=20480k 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,size=1048576k 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,mode=1777 0 0
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# 

KNOPPIX v6.0.1 to USB drive

Used the instructions as shown for KNOPPIX v5.1.1 excepting only that I found no /cdrom directory on KNOPPIX v6.0.1. Used the /mnt-system directory instead as that appeared to be where the CD was mounted (according to df -h).

Testing Pendrive boot of KNOPPIX v6.0.1 this time 2009-09-07 EST 22:25.

Here we go again...

Posting this from a disc-less host, using a KNOPPIX V6.0.1 LiveCD downloaded to the Vista host using BitTorrent / BitComet.

This KNOPPIX disc divined the correct network configuration from the USR5430 Ethernet / WiFi bridge, which is configured as part of an AdHoc wireless (802.11) LAN which has an Internet backhaul (configured using ICS) over a Cricket CDMA USB BroadBand modem on the Vista box.

The KNOPPIX network configuration routine psychically determined all that and configured it without having to ask me any stupid questions. That, all by itself, is freaking amazing. Contrast it, for instance, with DamnSmallLinux (DSL) [v?] which I just argued with all weekend about the identical configuration. The DSL solution required adding a eth0:1 interface as root to begin with – it got worse from there. …

So it just booted up and ran without question, so far pretty much everything working, it appears.

Notable Factoids

• no spkrs on this box, so not sure about sound
• spell checker in Iceweasel is set for German
• Iceweasel is the default browser
• Iceweasel comes with the NoScript plugin already installed (!!!)
• a /slick/ new [to me] desktop environment called ‘Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment’ (LXDE) - really nice

Oddities

Is it true that USB devices only boot if they are formated FAT/32? Some weirdness going on there. If TRUE, I could put my PortableApps and my KNOPPIX on the same 4G USB stick? Maybe?

Glitches

For some reason, the 2nd & 3rd times I tried to boot this CD on this box, it hung during the X11 initialization - I believe(d) that some BIOS changes I made may have affected this, so the current settings changed are:

• Legacy USB support: enabled
• Startup Diagnostics screen: disabled

These settings may not matter, or may be specific to this system. They are recorded here so I can refer to them later, if necessary ;)

The hanging of the X11 startup is critical, since the system will shut itself down when X11 exits, and I was unable to find a way to interrupt the shutdown from the console during the time the X server was running. This means that if X hangs on this CD, the system shuts down after a short timeout.

Out of 4 boot-up attempts, the two that have worked (first and fourth) were both simple "put the CD in and hard boot w/o going to setup or boot-device select menu" sequences.

Video Resolution Bug

The screen resolution only seems to go up to 800x600. This has to be an incorrectly selected video device driver, since this same video card will go up to 1600x1200 and has done so in the past.

ASCII 0x07 - The BEL Character

The Visible bell mini-Howto describes the measures necessary to disable audio processing of the ASCII system bell (0x07 – BEL) character as a console "beep" in various shells and applications, including Bash and Emacs. under Linux.